What are the types of PHP operators?

PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) supports various types of operators, which are symbols or keywords used to perform operations on variables and values. Here are the main types of PHP operators:

Arithmetic Operators

Used for basic mathematical operations. phpCopy code + // Addition – // Subtraction * // Multiplication / // Division % // Modulus (remainder after division) ** // Exponentiation Assignment Operators:

• Used to assign values to variables.

= // Assignment += // Addition assignment -= // Subtraction assignment *= // Multiplication assignment /= // Division assignment %= // Modulus assignment

Comparison Operators

Used to compare two values. == // Equal to === // Identical (equal value and equal type) != // Not equal to !== // Not identical > // Greater than < // Less than >= // Greater than or equal to <= // Less than or equal to

Logical Operators

Used for logical operations between expressions. && // Logical AND || // Logical OR ! // Logical NOT

Increment/Decrement Operators

Used to increase or decrease the value of a variable. ++$x // Pre-increment $x++ // Post-increment –$x // Pre-decrement $x– // Post-decrement

Concatenation Operator

Used to concatenate strings. . // Concatenation

Ternary (Conditional) Operator

Used for concise conditional expressions. (condition) ? true expression : false expression;

Null Coalescing Operator

Used to handle the case where a variable might be null. phpCopy code $result = $variable ?? $default;

Bitwise Operators

Used to perform bitwise operations on integers. phpCopy code & // Bitwise AND | // Bitwise OR ^ // Bitwise XOR ~ // Bitwise NOT << // Left shift >> // Right shift

Type Operators

Used to check the type of a variable or value. instanceof // Checks if an object is an instance of a certain class These operators are essential for performing a wide range of operations in PHP training in Chandigarh scripts. Understanding how each operator works allows developers to manipulate variables and values effectively in their code.

How to use PHP with MYSQL Database

Using PHP with a MySQL database involves several steps, including establishing a connection, executing queries, and handling the results. Below is a basic guide on how to use PHP to interact with a MySQL database:

Establish a Database Connection

<?php $servername = “your_server_name”; $username = “your_username”; $password = “your_password”; $dbname = “your_database_name”; // Create a connection $conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname); // Check connection if ($conn->connect_error) { die(“Connection failed: ” . $conn->connect_error); } echo “Connected successfully”; ?> Replace “your_server_name”, “your_username”, “your_password”, and “your_database_name” with your actual MySQL server details.

Perform Database Operations

a. Execute SQL Queries: $sql = “SELECT * FROM your_table_name”; $result = $conn->query($sql); if ($result->num_rows > 0) { // Output data of each row while ($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) { echo “ID: ” . $row[“id”] . ” – Name: ” . $row[“name”] . “<br>”; } } else { echo “0 results”; } Replace “your_table_name” with the actual name of your MySQL table. b. Insert Data: $sql = “INSERT INTO your_table_name (column1, column2, column3) VALUES (‘value1’, ‘value2’, ‘value3′)”; if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) { echo “Record inserted successfully”; } else { echo “Error: ” . $sql . “<br>” . $conn->error; } c. Update Data: $sql = “UPDATE your_table_name SET column1=’new_value’ WHERE id=1”; if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) { echo “Record updated successfully”; } else { echo “Error updating record: ” . $conn->error; } d. Delete Data: $sql = “DELETE FROM your_table_name WHERE id=1”; if ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) { echo “Record deleted successfully”; } else { echo “Error deleting record: ” . $conn->error; }

Close the Database Connection

$conn->close(); Always close the database connection after you have finished performing database operations.

Important Security Note

Use Prepared Statements: To prevent SQL injection attacks, use prepared statements and parameterized queries when dealing with user input or dynamic data. // Example of using prepared statements $stmt = $conn->prepare(“INSERT INTO your_table_name (column1, column2) VALUES (?, ?)”); $stmt->bind_param(“ss”, $value1, $value2); $value1 = “some_value”; $value2 = “another_value”; $stmt->execute(); $stmt->close(); Following these steps will help you connect to a MySQL database, execute queries, and perform basic CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) operations using PHP course in Chandigarh. Always ensure that your database interactions are secure and protect against potential security vulnerabilities. Read more article:- Techmouler.